Lipoprotein (a) is has been shown to have a causal relationship with atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis.  Lipoprotein (a) is sometimes referred to as LDL with a dangerous twist added.  It is a combination of the LDL cholesterol molecule plus apolipoprotein (a).  Lipoprotein (a) is known to be atherogenic.  It carries cholesterol into the arterial wall and accelerates plaque buildup, which increases the probability of developing CAD, CVA, and PAD.  It also has pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory properties, as it interferes with fibrinolysis and induces inflammation in the vascular wall by causing oxidative stress, calcification, and inducing foam cells, the building blocks of atherogenic plaque.  It is at least 80% genetically determined and baseline levels of Lipoprotein (a) need only be check once as a result, as they do not fluctuate.  PCSK9 inhibitors are said to reduce Lipoprotein (a) levels by 25% compared with statins, which are said to increase Lipoprotein (a) levels by 8-19%.